What Do You Know About Prostate Health?
Prostate cancer and other diseases of the prostate are common. Learning about
these diseases can help you recognize problems and seek medical treatment
early.
The prostate is located beneath the bladder and consists
of glands and ducts embedded in muscle fibers.
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The prostate is part of a man's reproductive system. It produces part of the fluid that carries sperm.
This year, 10,000 American men will die from prostate
cancer and 100,000 new cases will be diagnosed.
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In 2008, about 186,000 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed and about 29,000 men will die of the disease, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS).
Prostate cancer is always fatal.
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Early
detection and diagnosis and prompt treatment can successfully cure or control
the disease.
Symptoms of prostate problems include a weak stream of
urine; pain while urinating; frequent urination, especially at night; and
trouble starting or holding back urination.
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Other
symptoms include pain in the lower-back or groin area, blood in the urine, and
pain before or during ejaculation.
PSA tests
are always accurate.
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This
test isn't always accurate because other conditions may elevate the PSA, the ACS says.
African
American men and men with a history of prostate cancer in their families have a
higher risk of developing prostate cancer.
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According
to the ACS, prostate cancer occurs about 60 percent more often in
African American men than in white American men. Having a father or brother
with prostate cancer more than doubles a man's risk of developing this disease.
An African American man with a family history of prostate cancer has two
major risk factors and is at higher than average risk.
These are the typical treatments
for prostate cancer: monitoring a slow-growing cancer, surgical
removal of the prostate, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy.
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If you are diagnosed with prostate cancer, your health care provider may refer you to a specialist for treatment. Specialists who treat prostate cancer include urologists and urologic oncologists, the National Cancer Institute says.
The most
important risk factor for prostate cancer is aging.
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The
ACS says about two-thirds of all prostate cancers are
diagnosed in men older than 65.
If your PSA
is abnormal, you'll undergo tests before a doctor makes a confirmed diagnosis
of prostate cancer.
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One test your doctor may order is a prostate biopsy, in which a small amount of tissue from your prostate is removed to check for cancer cells, the ACS says.
Many men
experience a prostate infection or prostatitis at some time in their lives.
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See
your doctor if you have any of these symptoms: frequent or difficult urination;
urgent need to urinate; pain in the lower back and in the area between the
rectum and the testicles; pain or a burning sensation while urinating; or blood
in the urine.
Most men develop an enlarged prostate or benign prostate hyperplasia by age 80.
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More than half of men in their 60s, and as many as 90 percent in their 70s and 80s, have some symptoms of BPH, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
Early symptoms for an enlarged prostate are the same as those for prostate cancer, including blood in urine and impotence.
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These are symptoms of advanced prostate cancer. Prostate cancer in the early stages has few or no symptoms. Depending on what parts of the body it spreads to, prostate cancer symptoms may include bone pain, weight loss, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
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